Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone with multiple roles in relation to metabolism. The primary role of GLP-1 is increasing insulin secretion in the presence of high plasma glucose levels, in addition, GLP-1 also suppresses glucagon secretion from the pancreas. GLP-1 slows down gastric emptying and regulates appetite, both valuable in reducing food intake and body weight. These roles of GLP-1 make it a useful target in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

GLP-1 exerts its effects by binding to and activating the class B G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR):  GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Receptor activation in turn activates signalling pathways which culminates in insulin secretion via CAMP and Ca²⁺ signalling.

Recently evidence has increased for GLP-1 playing a cardio-protective role as well as regulating immune responses and even in kidney function. GLP-1 may also exert neuroprotective and neurotropic effects as it can decrease endogenous levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and prevent Aβ-induced cell death.

This peptide contains N-terminal 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.

.