Galanin (1-30) (human) is an endogenous neuropeptide with endocrine, metabolic and behavioural effects. Galanin has a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, insulin and somatostatin release, and synaptic neurotransmission.

Galanin is widely distributed in the central nervous, peripheral, and endocrine systems. Galanin’s overarching function is as an inhibitory, hyper-polarizing neuromodulator for classical neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and serotonin. Galanin interacts with 3 receptor subtypes, GalR1-3 which are G protein-coupled receptors inserted into the plasma membrane. GalR1 is believed to activate a Gβγ pathway to regulate MAPK activation. GalR2 can also activate the MAPK pathway, but unlike GalR1, there is detectable inositol phosphate production. GalR3 is associated with the Gαi/o pathway. Activation of the receptor leads to a cellular influx of K⁺. Each receptor has been associated with neurological diseases such as GalR3 and epilepsy.

Galanin protects against various physiological insults in vitro, including excitotoxicity and β-amyloid toxicity. Changes in galanin have been widely studied concerning Alzheimer’s disease, and galaninergic neurons are spared in late-stage Alzheimer’s relative to non-galaninergic neurones.

Galanin (1-30) has been used as an agonist for the GalR2 receptor in vitro for calcium mobilisation assays to understand the role Galanin/GalR2 play in multiple sclerosis.

Galanin (1-30) is provided with an N-terminal 5-FAM, a widely used green fluorescent reagent ideal for peptide labelling and detection. The excitation/emission for this reagent is 490 nm/520 nm. Cambridge Research Biochemicals is a custom peptide provider. If you desire an alternate dye, please contact us to request a custom synthesis.